Source: http://feeds.celebritybabies.com/~r/celebrity-babies/~3/_rG8RnjU0D4/
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Thursday, April 11, 2013
Great Ideas! How to Create a Cozy Reading Nook for Your Kids
Apartment Therapy's Maxwell Ryan shares his best ideas.
Wednesday, April 10, 2013
Apple said to be ditching Samsung in favor of TSMC for A7 CPU
The fact that Apple relies upon Samsung, its arch-rival, for a healthy amount of its components, is one of the biggest paradoxes in the tech industry. Still, if The Korea Times is to believed, the unhappy marriage between the two could rapidly be heading towards a divorce. While Apple has previously splashed out several billion per year on Samsung components, the newspaper is suggesting that Cupertino will turn to TSMC to produce its next generation of mobile CPUs -- a rumor that's been making the rounds recently. It's source, and executive at one of Samsung's partners, claims the manufacturer has been cut out of development of the A7 CPU, adding a little bit more credence to those claims. What's more, the same source reports that TSMC is gearing up its 20-nanometer production line to crank out the hardware ready for 2014.
Via: The Next Web
Source: Korea Times
Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/lRMs8OUpQPI/
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Young children have grammar and chimpanzees don't
Apr. 10, 2013 ? A new study from the University of Pennsylvania has shown that children as young as 2 understand basic grammar rules when they first learn to speak and are not simply imitating adults.
The study also applied the same statistical analysis on data from one of the most famous animal language-acquisition experiments -- Project Nim -- and showed that Nim Chimpsky, a chimpanzee who was taught sign language over the course of many years, never grasped rules like those in a 2-year-old's grammar.
The study was conducted by Charles Yang, a professor of linguistics in the School of Arts and Sciences and of computer science in the School of Engineering and Applied Science. It was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Linguists have long debated whether young children actually understand the grammar they are using or are simply memorizing and imitating adults. One of the difficulties in resolving this debate is the inherent limitations of the data; 2-year-old children have very small vocabularies and thus don't provide many different examples of grammar usage.
"While a child may not say very much, that doesn't mean that they don't know anything about language," Yang said, "Despite the superficial lack of diversity of speech patterns, if you study it carefully and formulate what having a grammar would entail within those limitations, even young children seem very much on target."
Yang's approach was to look at one area of grammar that young children do regularly display: article usage, or whether to put "a" or "the" before a noun. He found a sufficient number of examples of article usage in the nine data sets of child speech he analyzed, but there was another challenge in determining if these children understood the grammar rules they were using.
"When children use articles, they're pretty much error free from day one," Yang said. "But being error free could mean that they've learned the grammar of article usage in English, or they have memorized and are imitating adults who wouldn't make mistakes either."
To get around this problem, Yang took advantage of the fact that most nouns can be paired with either the definite or indefinite article to produce a grammatically correct phrase, but the resulting phrases have different meanings and usages. This makes the combinations vary in frequency.
For example, "the bathroom" is a more common phrase than "a bathroom," while "a bath" is more common than "the bath." This difference has nothing to do with grammar but rather the frequency with which phrases containing those combinations are used. There are simply more opportunities to use phrases like "I need to go to the bathroom" or "the dog needs a bath" than there are phrases like "there's a bathroom on the second floor" or "the bath was too cold."
This means that the likelihood of using a particular article with a given noun is not 50/50; it is weighted toward either "the" or "a." Such lopsided combination tendencies can be characterized by general statistical laws of language, which Yang used to develop a mathematical model for predicting the expected diversity of noun phrases in a sample of speech.
This model was able to differentiate between the expected diversity if children were using grammar, as compared to if they were simply imitating adults. Due to the differences of these frequencies, an adult might only say "the bathroom" -- never saying "a bathroom" -- to a child, but that child would still be able to say "a bathroom" if he or she understood the underlying grammar.
"When you compare what children should say if they follow grammar against what children do say, you find it to almost indistinguishable," Yang said. "If you simulate the expected diversity when a child is only repeating what adults say, it produces a diversity much lower than what children actually say."
As a comparison, Yang applied the same predictive models to the set of Nim Chimpsky's signed phrases, the only data set of spontaneous animal language usage publicly available. He found further evidence for what many scientists, including Nim's own trainers, have contended about Nim: that the sequences of signs Nim put together did not follow from rules like those in human language.
Nim's signs show significantly lower diversity than what is expected under a systematic grammar and were similar to the level expected with memorization.
This suggests that true language learning is -- so far -- a uniquely human trait, and that it is present very early in development.
"The idea that children are only imitating adults' language is very intuitive, so it's seen a revival over the last few years," Yang said. "But this is strong statistical evidence in favor of the idea that children actually know a lot about abstract grammar from an early age."
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Pennsylvania.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Journal Reference:
- C. Yang. Ontogeny and phylogeny of language. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2013; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1216803110
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/strange_science/~3/Ked33y6puUA/130410131327.htm
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Crews find bodies of two buried children
STANLEY, N.C. (AP) ? Rescuers on Monday recovered the bodies of two young cousins buried when a wall of dirt fell on them while they were playing in a hole at a home construction site in North Carolina.
The bodies of the 6-year-old girl and 7-year-old boy were pulled from a 24-foot-deep pit in the town of Stanley, outside of Charlotte.
"We've been working a horrific scene here," Lincoln County Emergency Services spokesman Dion Burleson told reporters gathered near the rural site on a two-lane road dotted with modular and mobile homes.
Crews had been searching for the children since Sunday afternoon, when the boy's father called 911 to report the collapse. Officials were on the scene within minutes but couldn't get to the children.
The father had been digging with a backhoe on the site earlier in the day, Sheriff David Carpenter said. He would not say what was being built or if the man was doing it alone or had professional help. He did say authorities didn't know of any permits that had been issued for the work or plans detailing the project.
Burleson described the pit as 20 feet by 20 feet with a sloped entrance leading down to the 24-foot bottom. The children were at the bottom of the pit retrieving a child-sized pickaxe when the walls fell in on them, Carpenter said.
He said his deputies would continue to investigate what happened. Authorities have not released the names of the father or the children.
In an interview with The Associated Press, Carpenter later said deputies had not yet interviewed the family living in the home but planned to follow up on neighbors' reports that the man was excavating the two-story pit to build some sort of a protective bunker.
"They were so distraught we hope to be able to talk to them today and come up with some information on that," Carpenter said. "It's a very large hole. It would look to be something like that, but I don't know. ... We're going to find out exactly what his intentions were."
He said deputies would be speaking with county planning and zoning officials about any potential building code violations at the site.
Neighbor Bradley Jones said the children often played in the pit when the boy's father was working there. Jones, who said he works in construction, said there was no structure to support the pit's tall dirt walls and that he questioned the man about the hole's depth.
"I told Chelsea not to go in," Jones said, referring to advice he gave his teenage daughter, who babysat the children. "It was dangerous. There was nothing to reinforce those walls."
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/crews-bodies-2-nc-children-trapped-dirt-124557541.html
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Carbon dioxide released from burning fuel today goes back into new fuels tomorrow
Apr. 8, 2013 ? The search for ways to use megatons of carbon dioxide that may be removed from industrial smokestacks during efforts to curb global warming has led to a process for converting that major greenhouse gas back into the fuel that released it in the first place. Research on the project was a topic in New Orleans on April 8 at the 245th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS).
"It may seem like trying to put the genie back into the bottle," Wojciech Lipi?ski, Dr. Sc.Techn.,said. "But it already has been proven with laboratory scale equipment. The process uses three of the world's most abundant and inexpensive resources. Sunlight is the energy source and carbon dioxide and water are the raw materials."
Lipi?ski also discussed another project that uses inexpensive calcium oxide, made from ordinary limestone, to capture carbon dioxide (CO2) before it leaves the smokestacks of coal-fired electric power stations. The CO2 reacts with calcium oxide, forming calcium carbonate, the same material in blackboard chalk, some calcium dietary supplements and some antacids. The calcium carbonate then goes into a reactor that removes the CO2 and regenerates the calcium oxide for another encounter with CO2.
Both processes use highly concentrated sunlight as the energy source. The test facility built at the University of Minnesota by Lipi?ski and his colleague Jane Davidson, Ph.D., is a high-flux solar simulator consisting of seven 6,500-watt light bulbs and mirrors that focus the light into a spot about 2 inches in diameter. Temperatures in that spot can reach 3,600 degrees Fahrenheit, way beyond the melting point of steel.
In smokestack process, that heat would remove the carbon dioxide from calcium carbonate and regenerate the calcium oxide. In the genie-out-of-the-bottle CO2 process, that heat fosters breakdown of carbon dioxide and water to form carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the two components of "synthesis gas" or "syngas."
The name comes from its time-tested use -- for more than a century -- in making or synthesizing other products. Syngas can be converted into synthetic hydrocarbons, for instance, gasoline, diesel and jet fuel or aviation kerosene. Jet fuel is already industrially produced in significant quantities from syngas obtained from coal and natural gas. Lipi?ski and his colleagues are developing prototype reactors to demonstrate syngas production from water and captured carbon dioxide in the solar simulator. A full-scale commercial facility would use a field of mirrors to focus sunlight onto a central reactor, similar to the emerging concentrated solar power, or CSP, facilities that now use heat from sunlight to produce electricity.
Lipi?ski noted that the sunlight-to-synfuels technology could be the basis of "carbon-neutral" energy production, in which CO2 is reused, with the same amount released into the air from burning of fossil fuels removed and put back into synfuels. With their similarity in composition to conventional fuels and long history of use, synfuels made with the solar process also would not require a new infrastructure.
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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/BNXzlEN75YM/130408152855.htm
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Tuesday, April 9, 2013
North Korea cuts another tie to South; UN says country 'cannot go on like this'
Lee Jin-Man / AP
A South Korean worker returns with electronic products from North Korea's Kaesong industrial park, which was operated jointly between the two nations. On Monday, the North said it was withdrawing its workers from the park and suspending all operations there.
By John Newland, Staff Writer, NBC News
North Korea ratcheted up its talk of war Monday by announcing that it was withdrawing its workers from the Kaesong industrial park, which had been run jointly with the South.
"The DPRK will withdraw all its employees from the zone. It will temporarily suspend the operations in the zone and examine the issue of whether it will allow its existence or close it," the government's official news agency, KCNA, quoted?Kim Yang Gon, secretary of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, as saying.
The North added that "how the situation will develop in the days ahead will entirely depend on the attitude" of South Korean leaders. While that wording might seem to indicate that North Korean leader Kim Jong Un could be placated by the South with diplomacy, such statements from the North are common and have not been followed by attempts to negotiate.
Last week, the North stopped allowing South Korean workers into the industrial park as it increased its war rhetoric. Monday's statement called the park a "theater of confrontation."
As North Korea releases propaganda videos showing dogs attacking effigies of the South Korean defense minister, South Korean officials are preparing their citizens for the worst, issuing pamphlets outlining what to do in case of a nuclear attack. NBC's Richard Engel reports.
Such talk has sparked strong reaction globally.
Army Gen. James D. Thurman, commander of U.S. Forces Korea, on Monday canceled a trip to Washington to testify before Congress on budget matters. The decision was considered "a prudent measure" given the "ongoing tension on the peninsula," according to a military statement.
In a visit to The Hague, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon expressed his concern Monday, particularly about reports that the North planned to carry out another nuclear test in violation of Security Council resolutions.
"I have been repeatedly urging the DPRK to refrain from taking any further provocative measures," Ban said in a news conference, referring to the country by its formal name, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. "This [would be a] provocative measure."
"The DPRK cannot go on like this, confronting and challenging the authority of the Security Council and directly challenging the whole international community," he added.
Confrontation worse than Chernobyl?
On Friday, North Korea contacted embassies and said it could not guarantee their safety after April 10 in the event of a confrontation.
The cryptic?communique?was followed by?Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov saying that Moscow was in close contact with the United States, China, South Korea and Japan over a request by the North to consider the possibility of evacuating their embassies, according to Russian news agencies.
U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Susan Rice said Friday that North Korea?s actions were ?part of an escalating pattern of hot rhetoric.?
NBC's Jim Maceda reports from the Korean Peninsula where tensions are ratcheting up following aggressive statements made by North Korea's government.
?We?ve seen this sort of pattern in the past,? she said. ?What seems to be somewhat different is the level of the rhetoric and the pace of provocation.?
Russian President Vladimir Putin, speaking Monday at a joint news conference with German Chancellor Angela Merkel in Hannover, said Russia was "worried about the escalation on the Korean Peninsula," according to ITV News, NBC's British partner.
"If, God forbid, something happens, Chernobyl, which we all know a lot about, may seem like a child's fairy tale," Putin said. "Is there such a threat or not? I think there is. I would urge everyone to calm down."
Putin also praised the U.S. for postponing the test of an intercontinental ballistic missile in California.
"I think we should all thank the U.S. leadership for this step," Putin said. "I hope it will be noticed by our North Korean partners, that certain conclusions will be drawn, everyone will calm down and start joint work to ease the situation."
There was no immediate U.S. reaction to the North's statement.
Related:
China warns against troublemaking on Korean Peninsula
South Korea backs off statement about possible missile launch
Scenarios: What happens if North Korea gets out of hand?
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This story was originally published on Mon Apr 8, 2013 7:05 AM EDT
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